2023年托?？荚囌骖}及答案|托?？谡Z準(zhǔn)備時間

摘要：最近偶小伙伴們來私聊小編關(guān)于今年托福真題的相關(guān)信息，那么2021年托?？荚囌骖}及答案又是怎樣的呢，根據(jù)小編的收集內(nèi)容了解到的是下面有一份

(資料圖片僅供參考)

最近偶小伙伴們來私聊小編關(guān)于今年托福真題的相關(guān)信息，根據(jù)小編的收集內(nèi)容了解到的是下面有一份詳細(xì)的真題參考答案，考生們可以閱讀下面的內(nèi)容來進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，考前了解這個真題有助于我們把握考試難度，提前做好一些心理準(zhǔn)備等等。托?？谡Z準(zhǔn)備時間多長呢，一般是前面幾題是15秒的時間，后面四道題的準(zhǔn)備時間更新為30秒的時間，下面來看看吧。

一、2021年托?？荚囌骖}及答案

新托福考試真題精選及詳解（一）

Reading Section

Directions

The Reading section tests your ability to understand reading passages like those in college textbooks. The passages are about 700 words in length.

This is the short format for the Reading section. On the short format, you will read three passages. After each passage, you will answer 12-14 questions about it. You may take notes while you read, but notes are not graded. You may use your notes to answer the questions. Some passages may include a word or phrase that is underlined in blue. Click on the word or phrase to see a glossary definition or explanation.

Choose the best answer for multiple-choice questions. Follow the directions on the page or on the screen for computer-assisted questions. Most questions are worth 1 point, but the last question in each passage is worth more than 1 point.

The Reading section is divided into parts. Click on Next to go to the next question. Click on Back to return to previous questions. You may return to previous questions for all of the passages in the same part, but after you go to the next part, you will not be able to return to passages in the previous part. Be sure that you have answered all of the questions for the passages in each part before you click on Next at the end of the passage to move to the next part.

You can click on Review to see a chart of the questions you have answered and the questions you have not answered in each part. From this screen, you can return to the question you want to answer in the part that is open.

You will have 20 minutes to read each passage and answer the questions for that passage. You will have 60 minutes to complete all of the passages and answer all of the questions on the short format. A clock on the screen will show you how much time you have to complete the Reading section.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF REFRIGERATION

[1] Cold storage, or refrigeration, is keeping food at temperatures between 32 and 45 degrees F in order to delay the growth of microorganisms—bacteria, molds, and yeast— that cause food to spoil. Refrigeration produces few changes in food, so meats, fish, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables keep their original flavor, color, and nutrition. Before artificial refrigeration was invented, people stored perishable food with ice or snow to lengthen its storage time. Preserving food by keeping it in an ice-filled pit is a 4,000-year-old art. Cold storage areas were built in basements, cellars, or caves, lined with wood or straw, and packed with ice. The ice was transported from mountains, or harvested from local lakes or rivers, and delivered in large blocks to homes and businesses.

[2] Artificial refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance, container, or, enclosed area, to lower its temperature. The heat is moved from the inside of the container to the outside. A refrigerator uses the evaporation of a volatile liquid, or refrigerant, to absorb heat. In most types of refrigerators, the refrigerant is compressed, pumped through a pipe, and allowed to vaporize. As the liquid turns to vapor, it loses heat and gets colder because the molecules of vapor use energy to leave the liquid. The molecules left behind have less energy and so the liquid becomes colder. Thus, the air inside the refrigerator is chilled.

[3] Scientists and inventors from around the world developed artificial refrigeration during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. William Cullen demonstrated artificial refrigeration in Scotland in 1748, when he let ethyl ether boil into a partial vacuum. In 1805, American inventor Oliver Evans designed the first refrigeration machine that used vapor instead of liquid. In 1842, physician John Gorrie used Evans’s design to create an air-cooling apparatus to treat yellow-fever patients in a Florida hospital. Gorrie later left his medical practice and experimented with ice making, and in 1851 he was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration. In the same year, an Australian printer, James Harrison, built an ether refrigerator after noticing that when he cleaned his type with ether it became very cold as the ether evaporated. Five years later, Harrison introduced vapor-compression refrigeration to the brewing and meatpacking industries.

[4] Brewing was the first industry in the United States to use mechanical refrigeration extensively, and in the 1870s, commercial refrigeration was primarily directed at breweries. German-born Adolphus Busch was the first to use artificial refrigeration at his brewery in St. Louis. Before refrigeration, brewers stored their beer in caves, and production was constrained by the amount of available cave space. Brewing was strictly a local business, since beer was highly perishable and shipping it any distance would result in spoilage. Busch solved the storage problem with the commercial vapor-compression refrigerator. He solved the shipping problem with the newly invented refrigerated railcar, which was insulated with ice bunkers in each end. Air came in on the top, passed through the bunkers, and circulated through the car by gravity. In solving Busch’s spoilage and storage problems, refrigeration also revolutionized an entire industry. By 1891, nearly every brewery was equipped with mechanical refrigerating machines.

[5] The refrigerators of today rely on the same basic principle of cooling caused by the rapid evaporation and expansion of gases. Until 1929, refrigerators used toxic gases— ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide—as refrigerants. After those gases accidentally killed several people, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) became the standard refrigerant. However, they were found to be harmful to the earth’s ozone layer, so refrigerators now use a refrigerant called HFC 134a, which is less harmful to the ozone.

1. What is the main reason that people developed methods of refrigeration? 

(A) They wanted to improve the flavor and nutritional value of food.

(B) They needed to slow the natural processes that cause food to spoil.

(C) They needed a use for the ice that formed on lakes and rivers.

(D) They wanted to expand the production of certain industries.

2. The word perishable in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) capable of spoiling

(B) uncooked

(C) of animal origin

(D) highly nutritious

3. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about cold storage before the invention of artificial refrigeration?

(A) It kept food cold for only about a week.

(B) It was dependent on a source of ice or snow.

(C) It required a container made of metal or wood.

(D) It was not a safe method of preserving meat.

4. Artificial refrigeration involves all of the following processes EXCEPT

(A) the pumping of water vapor through a pipe

(B) the rapid expansion of certain gases

(C) the evaporation of a volatile liquid

(D) the transfer of heat from one place to another

5. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

(A) It takes a lot of energy to transform a liquid into a vapor, especially when the vapor loses heat.

(B) Some gases expand rapidly and give off energy when they encounter a very cold liquid.

(C) When kinetic energy is changed to heat energy, liquid molecules turn into vapor molecules.

(D) During evaporation, the vapor molecules use energy, and the liquid becomes colder.

6. According to the passage, who was the first person to use artificial refrigeration for a practical purpose?

(A) William Cullen

(B) Oliver Evans

(C) John Gorrie

(D) Adolphus Busch

7. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to

(A) printer

(B) refrigerator

二、托?？谡Z準(zhǔn)備時間

每個部分都有準(zhǔn)備時間的。

第一部分(1-2題):準(zhǔn)備時間為15秒，答題時間45秒

第2部分(3-4題):準(zhǔn)備時間為30秒，答題60秒

第3部分(5-6題):準(zhǔn)備時間為30秒，答題60秒"

1、托福獨立口語準(zhǔn)備時間15秒，考生拿到標(biāo)題后用15秒著手想本人的答案框架和答題句，去潤飾詳細(xì)的開頭句。在心里扼要過一遍大致思緒，這樣會大大緩解臨場的表達(dá)壓力。

2、托福綜合口語前兩個TASK的準(zhǔn)備時間是30秒，考生要留意梳理信息的主次和先后關(guān)系，記載好關(guān)鍵詞，然后停止擴大以及 paraphrase 。答題過程中，一定要心中有框架，claim、reason、evidentce 大約要占重的比例要在日常練習(xí)中固定下來，便當(dāng)本人在考場上增刪本人的答題內(nèi)容。

3. 托福綜合口語最后一題的準(zhǔn)備時間是30秒，大家一定要提早理解這道標(biāo)題的主要話題類型，關(guān)于可能會呈現(xiàn)的話題內(nèi)容和答復(fù)套路技巧等等要做到心中有數(shù)。

三、托福認(rèn)可度

美國：在美國，托福考試100%被認(rèn)可，90%的美國頂尖大學(xué)(其中包含哈佛大學(xué)、斯坦福大學(xué)、普林斯頓大學(xué)、杜克大學(xué)、加州大學(xué)伯克利分校、加州理工大學(xué)、佐治亞大學(xué)、佐治亞理工學(xué)院等)認(rèn)可托?？荚?。因為在美國，各大學(xué)所接受的托福成績多于其他英語考試的總和，以及約為90%的本科和研究生項目認(rèn)可托?？荚嚩瞧渌Z言考試。 

英國和歐洲：在英國，托?？荚嚤?font color=red>100%的英國大學(xué)，包括100%的羅素集團(tuán)大學(xué)所接受，包括劍橋大學(xué)、牛津大學(xué)、倫敦政經(jīng)學(xué)院、帝國理工學(xué)院等學(xué)校，同時托?？荚囈彩欠▏偷聡拇髮W(xué)首選的英語語言考試，并且被歐洲所有頂尖的大學(xué)所接受。 

加拿大：在加拿大被100%認(rèn)可，并且80%以上的研究生項目認(rèn)可托?？荚?，接受托福成績多于其他英語考試的總和。加拿大TOP20名校中：多倫多大學(xué)、戴爾豪斯大學(xué)、滑鐵盧大學(xué)、英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)、阿爾伯塔大學(xué)、維多利亞大學(xué)、貴湖大學(xué)大學(xué)、皇后大學(xué)，西門菲莎大學(xué)、麥克馬斯特大學(xué)、渥太華大學(xué)，卡爾頓大學(xué)、曼尼托巴大學(xué)、卡爾加里大學(xué)等接收托福成績。 

澳大利亞和新西蘭：無論實在澳大利亞還是新西蘭，托?？荚嚩际潜?font color=red>100%的高校和各類移民簽證認(rèn)可，并且可以滿足學(xué)術(shù)、工作的需求。 

亞洲：托?？荚嚦煽儽粊喼奕?font color=red>頂尖大學(xué)接受，包含日本的東京大學(xué)、京都大學(xué)、名古屋大學(xué)、北海道大學(xué)、新加坡的新加坡國立大學(xué)、南洋理工大學(xué)、新加坡管理大學(xué)等。 

中國：中國香港、中國澳門以及中國臺灣的所有頂級大學(xué)和學(xué)院均接受托?？荚嚦煽?。2019年12月11日，中國教育部考試中心與托福官方(ETS)聯(lián)合宣布托福iBT考試成績成功對接中國英語能力等級量表(CSE)在對接表中將托福成績按照閱讀、聽力、口語、寫作四部分及總分從低到高對應(yīng)CSE中第四級到第八級。

四、怎樣提高托?？谡Z

在我們學(xué)習(xí)今年的托福考試真題的時候也可以跟外教交流一下經(jīng)驗，分享一下我在用的app：學(xué)校百科，可以隨時和世界各地的Native Speaker進(jìn)行一對一的口語對練。這個軟件用起來就跟打微信語音／視頻電話一樣，質(zhì)量很清晰。這個是最讓我感到意外且性價比超級高的一個APP了。我長期練習(xí)的一個外教陪練是英國的Leila，她不僅口音純正，而且人超級nice，她本人還是一個攝影師，我也經(jīng)常跟她交流攝影方面的技巧