GRE長(zhǎng)難句分類解析

GRE考試分為兩類，即一般測(cè)試(General Test)和專業(yè)測(cè)試(Subject Test)。其中一般測(cè)試由七套試題組成，每套試題長(zhǎng)30分鐘，考試時(shí)間為三個(gè)半小時(shí)。GRE長(zhǎng)難句分類解析，GRE試題的特色就是篇幅中有很多長(zhǎng)難句，其長(zhǎng)難句分類主要有這些：1.帶有較多成分的簡(jiǎn)單句;2.含有多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的并列句;3.含有多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句;4.含有多個(gè)插入成分的句子;5.并列復(fù)合句;6.倒裝句。

1.帶有較多成分的簡(jiǎn)單句

簡(jiǎn)單句的句子主干類型有五種：主系表、主謂、主謂賓、主謂賓賓、主謂賓補(bǔ)。

在句子主干上進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，如增添定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等就構(gòu)成了此類句子。如：

For the time，attention，and money of the art-loving public，classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses，dance troupes，theater companies，and museums，but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.

本句主干是classical instrumentalists..compete with..。

部分是for引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明目的。第二部分雖然句子很長(zhǎng)，但結(jié)構(gòu)較簡(jiǎn)單，其賓語(yǔ)是由表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組not only..but also連接的兩部分，of the 20th century做后置定語(yǔ)修飾musicians。

2.含有多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的并列句

兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句"。并列連詞有：and，but，or，so等。

并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。如：

The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago，and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.

本句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，是由and連接的并列句。

3.含有多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句

此類句子是指一個(gè)從句中嵌套另一個(gè)從句，句子較長(zhǎng)。如：

Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials，those selected people will do most of the work for them.

because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，其中包括that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;該賓語(yǔ)從句中，ifel導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

4.含有多個(gè)插入成分的句子

此類句子是指，本來(lái)應(yīng)該緊密相連的句子的各成分被分開，中間存在其他成分。如：

In his latest book，Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should，Like，Care，John McWhorter，a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views，sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.

插入語(yǔ)Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should，Like，Care是his latest book的同位語(yǔ);a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views是插入語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明John McWhorter的身份。

5.并列復(fù)合句

并列復(fù)合句是指并列連詞連接了帶從句的并列句。如：

Chomsky's grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it，whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.

本句是由whereas連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。部分that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it修飾pattems of language change。

6.倒裝句

And since these messages have an agenda-to lure us to open our wallets they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable."Celebrate!"

commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex，before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.

第二句前半部分是倒裝句，用以強(qiáng)調(diào)“Celebrate"，該句主語(yǔ)是the ads，謂語(yǔ)是commanded，較后是before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

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