破解托福閱讀的根本除了單詞以外，便只有句子理解了。幾乎除單詞題外的全部題目都是以原文句子為原型，需要考生找到與之句意基本相同的“雙胞胎”。句子簡化題作為其鼻祖，雖然考題量少，但卻擔(dān)負(fù)著至關(guān)重要的作用。今天帶大家來看一下句子簡化題。

所謂“簡化”無非是因為被改編后的句子相比與原文而言句式更簡單，詞匯使用量偏少，句子偏短(當(dāng)然不是絕對，相對而言)。那么，在原文理解的時候，更需要大家對于所謂的長難句進(jìn)行剖析該題型之中，原句非長即難，長則為信息量大，難即為詞匯句子結(jié)構(gòu)不常見。兩者一般只現(xiàn)其一，不會同時出現(xiàn)。

那么在解題過程中需要分析原句的組成一個句子是由多個分句來構(gòu)成的。首先各分句間的關(guān)系是怎么樣搭建起來的，也就是我們常聽到的邏輯關(guān)系;其次在分句內(nèi)部詞匯的組全關(guān)系，

即名詞與動詞的搭配是否正確。直接關(guān)系到它們地起所表達(dá)的句意是否與原文一致。于是智贏國際英語托福名師把該題的做題方向歸到兩方面：

句內(nèi)邏輯及名動詞關(guān)系

閑話不多說，上真題：

【W(wǎng)ater Management in Early Agriculture】

However, soils that have lost their vegetative cover and surface mulch will absorb much less, with almost half the water being carried away by runoff in more extreme conditions.

A. However, soils that are unable to absorb much water experience massive runoff during heavy rains.

B. However, where neither protective vegetation nor mulch cover the soil, much rainwater can be lost to runoff.

C. However, on extremely steep slopes there is no vegetative cover or mulch to prevent runoff.

D. However, in more extreme conditions water that runs off can carry away the vegetative cover and the surface mulch.

大家看題，答案是B，都做對了嗎?

如果沒有做對的話，請大家看一下大喬的過程

第一步：分析句子主體結(jié)構(gòu)

However, 屬句間關(guān)系詞，不在本題考查范圍內(nèi)，忽略;

soils 名詞，在句子開頭，基本可判定為主語;

that 后直接加動詞have lost無主語，

即整體為前方名詞soils的定語從句，結(jié)束點在surface

will absorb less water謂語同賓語;

with 表伴隨，對主句信息進(jìn)行解釋;

第二步：分析句中關(guān)鍵信息，及其間關(guān)系;

主講對象soils與rainwater

兩者之間關(guān)系：前者不可吸收后者;

A. However, soils that are unable to absorb much water experience massive runoff during heavy rains.

主講對象soils 與massive runoff 與原文不一致;

B. However, where neither protective vegetation nor mulch cover the soil, much rainwater can be lost to runoff.

主講對象rainwater與原文一致，細(xì)看其它信息，主句與原文主被動關(guān)系發(fā)生變化，但意義一致，都講述soil吸收不了rainwater。

C. However, on extremely steep slopes there is no vegetative cover or mulch to prevent runoff.

主講對象為vegetation與runoff之間關(guān)系，與原文不一致;

D. However, in more extreme conditions water that runs off can carry away the vegetative cover and the surface mulch.

主講對象為water與vegetation之間carry away的關(guān)系，與原文不一致;

該題型又被喚作句子改寫題，確實如此，同學(xué)們就當(dāng)注意原文句子與選項句子間，結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 ，用詞的變化。但，在這變化之中，要保持句子語音的基本一致，正如世界上沒有完全相同的兩片葉子，同一種語言中也沒有意義完全相同的兩個單詞。既然連單詞都沒有完全相同的，更何況句子呢?于是乎，該題型題干中的表述是如此來的：

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

其間，需要引起我們注意的地方即：

best expresses 與essential information

其實題目已經(jīng)說的很清楚了，

你不要選完全一樣意思的句子，因為它不存在;

也不要覺得所有的選項都有一些信息沒有講，因為你要找的是主要信息;

那么大家來練手一題吧：

[Impacts and Mass Extinction]

While the dinorsaur were the most famous victims of this mass extinction, it seems that up to 99 percent of all living things were killed and that 75 percent of all species living on Earth were wiped out at that time.

A A large amout of Earth's living things were killed along with dinosaur.

B. Seventy-five percent of all species, including 75 percent of dinosaru species, were victims of a mass extinction.

C. In the extinction that eliminated dinosaur, up to 99 percent of all living things and 75 percent of all species were wiped out.

D. Dinosaurs were the most famous victims of a mass extinction, but there have also been other mass extinctions that wiped out most of Earth's other species.

答案 C

你選對了嗎?

本句主句主講對象為99 percent of all living things 與75 percent of species